Grapefruit seed extract

Grapefruit seed extract(GSE) has been shown to have strongantimicrobialproperties againstfungi.It is also believed to have antimicrobial properties for bacteria, however there are no known studies that demonstrate its efficacy. Additionally, although GSE is promoted as a highly effective plantbased preservative by some natural personal care manufacturers, studies have shown that the apparent antimicrobial activity associated with GSE preparations is merely due tocontaminationwith syntheticpreservatives.