3. The GAME STARTS when the referee signals by blowing his whistle that the two teams are equally in position. This group is called the pack. In this pack are two BLOCKERS (white helmets) and two JAMMERS (striped helmets) and a PIVOT man (black helmet).A JAM (scoring play) occurs when one or more jammers have pulled away from the pack. The jammers have 60 seconds to score. A jammer must wear a striped helmet. The blocker, who cannot score, wear .....
4. A jam can start when the referee has signaled that both teams are in the pack.
when the pivot man of each team is evenly together at the front of the pack.
when all jammers are at the rear of the pack.
when a pivot man from each team is on the pack the pivot skater cannot be more than 20 feet in front of the pack when the jam starts.
The clock and the jam actually start when one of the jammers has been able to pass the leading opposing blockers i .....
5. A jam will be considered at an end for any of the following reasons
the expiration of the 60 second time limit
at the conclusion of each 10 minute skating period
when the lead jammer places both hands on his or her hips a jam may also be called by the officials for any emergency.
A jammer receives one point for every member of the opposing team he or she passes, every time he or she laps the field within 60 seconds. .....
6. There are PENALTIES consisting consisting of one and two minutes that may force a team, to skate shorthanded.There will be two penalties, a major and a minor.A minor penalty will be one minute duration from the time the skater enters the penalty box and will be called at the discretion of the referee for HoldingIllegal blockingStallingIllegal use of handsOther minor fouls.A major penalty is two minutes and will be called at the discretion of the .....
7. If any player accumulates a total of 8 minutes in penalties during a game he or she is automatically ruled out of the game and his or her substitute will spend the time of the penalty in the penalty box. .....
8. There can be no tie games. If at the end of the eighth period the score is tied, the game will go into overtime in the following manner The woman and men will alternate fiveminute periods until a point is scored. The team scoring the first point will be declared the winner.The last jam rule does not apply in overtime periods. .....
9. Points are scored as follows A jammer receives one point for every member of the opposing team he or she passes, every time he or she laps the pack.
If a blocker commits a foul on a jam skater, the jam skater will be awarded the point that he or she is attempting to score. If, in the opinion of the referee, there is a deliberate penalty against a jammer to prevent that skater from scoring, and this jam would determine the games outcome, the offi .....
12. A player may block an opponent with any part of his or her body with the following exceptions
It is illegal to use any part of the arm below the elbow.
It is illegal for a skater to block with his or her feet or trip an opponent.
In using arms for blocking purposes, the arm must be bent not fully extended.
It is illegal to block from the rear.
Elbows may be used in blocking but not in the following manner
A skater is not permitted to use an e .....
13. Play begins by blockers lining up on the tracks starting line (the pivot line). The jammers start from the jammer line, a second starting line 30 feet behind the pivot line.Jams begin on a single short whistle blast where both jammers and blockers may begin engaging immediately.The pack is the largest single group of blockers containing members of both teams skating in proximity, arranged such that each are within 10 feet of the next.While blocke .....
14. Players skate on fourwheeled (quad) roller skates,and are required to wear protective equipment, including a helmet, wrist guards, elbow pads, knee pads, and mouth guards. Additional gear that is acceptable though subject to individual team rules include padded knee length pants, similar to what aggressive skateboarders wear, and gender specific gear such as a hard case sports bra for female players and protective cups for males. .....
15. The lead jammer can end the jam at any time, thus she controls the opposing teams ability to score points. Ideally the lead jammer will attempt to score as many points as possible, and end the jam before the opposing team scores any. .....
16. The jammer for a team may pass the star to the pivot that is, she hands the star helmet cover to the pivot, at which point the pivot becomes the scoring jammer for the team.A jammer might pass the star because of fatigue, injury, penalty trouble, or because the pivot is in a better position to score. .....
18. A basic wall consists of two blockers working together to take up as much space on the track as possible to make it difficult for the opposing team to maneuver. Walling up refers to creating a wall formation at a strategic time, so the opposing team (especially the jammer) has no time to respond. A wall can inhibit, slow down, and ultimately trap the opposing jammer, and may last an entire jam if they can effectively hold the opposing team. Varia .....
19. The pack is defined as the largest group of in bounds Blockers, skating in proximity, containing members from both teams. In the goatherding tactic, one team surrounds a blocker of the opposing team (usually the strongest or best blocker), and then slows so that that group becomes the pack. The opposing team, skating ahead, are thus put out of play and thus cannot legally block the goatherders jammer. .....
21. A newly developed Western Style strategy has been developed in which a blocker who bumps the opposing jammer off the track skates backwards, forcing the jammer to reenter further behind the pack. .....
22. Since roller derby is a contact sport, there is a risk of injury.Injuries range from common bruises and sprains to broken bones and concussions and beyond. As is the case with many sporting events and other large public gatherings, modern roller derby games are required to be played with EMTs on hand.Some leagues prominently display their injuries,and safety and injuries are a perennial topic on skating blogs and other forums. .....
23. Although the early 2000s revival of roller derby was initially allfemale, some leagues later introduced allmale teams and coed games. Furthermore, as of May 2013 there were over 140 junior roller derby programs in the United States, and many more around the world. Despite being viewed by some as risqu .....
24. The ideal competitive surface is rectangular and at least 21.336 meters (70 feet) wide by 51.816 meters (170 feet) long. A sound system is needed for singles and dance competitions. For singles, cassette tape recorders or CD players are needed. For dance, the meet director may select records, tapes, CDs or organ music. .....
25. The range of events is intended to offer competition opportunities for athletes of all abilities. Programs may determine the events offered and, if required, guidelines for the management of those events. Coaches are responsible for providing training and event
selection appropriate to each athlete .....
